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In 4D printing, a target 3D object that can self-transform or self-assemble over time is created using a printer with smart materials. Since the advent of 4D printing, much research has been conducted on smart materials and application of 4D printing in diverse areas. However, research and development of 4D printing software is very limited due to the fact that 4D printing technology is still ... model pengembangan 4d thiagarajan pdf